India’s extensive network of national highways is the backbone of its transportation system, connecting cities, towns, and states, and facilitating trade and travel across the country. With over 140,000 kilometers of national highways, these roads play a crucial role in boosting the economy and enhancing connectivity. In this article, we explore the major national highways in India, their significance, and key facts.
What Are National Highways?
National highways are roads designated and managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. These highways connect major cities, ports, and state capitals, forming the arterial road network of the country. They account for 2% of India’s total road network but carry over 40% of road traffic.
Key Features of National Highways
- Numbering System:
The numbering of national highways was revamped in 2010 for better clarity and uniformity.- East-West highways: Even numbers (e.g., NH-16).
- North-South highways: Odd numbers (e.g., NH-44).
- Golden Quadrilateral:
- A flagship project connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
- Total length: 5,846 km.
- Bharatmala Project:
- A government initiative aimed at constructing 65,000 km of highways to improve connectivity to remote areas.
List of Major National Highways in India
1. NH-44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)
- Length: 3,745 km
- Significance:
- Longest national highway in India.
- Connects the northernmost and southernmost parts of the country.
2. NH-16 (Kolkata to Chennai)
- Length: 1,711 km
- Significance:
- Part of the Golden Quadrilateral project.
- Passes through key cities like Bhubaneswar and Visakhapatnam.
3. NH-48 (Delhi to Chennai)
- Length: 2,807 km
- Significance:
- Connects Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, and Chennai.
- Crucial for industrial and trade transport.
4. NH-27 (Porbandar to Silchar)
- Length: 3,507 km
- Significance:
- Second-longest national highway.
- Runs across eight states, connecting Gujarat to Assam.
5. NH-19 (Delhi to Kolkata)
- Length: 1,435 km
- Significance:
- Also known as the Grand Trunk Road.
- Key route for freight transport.
6. NH-66 (Panvel to Kanyakumari)
- Length: 1,622 km
- Significance:
- Follows India’s western coastline.
- Passes through Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala.
List of Sports and Their Associated Trophies
7. NH-17 (Delhi to Mumbai)
- Length: 1,500 km
- Significance:
- Connects two major metro cities.
- Plays a vital role in commerce and tourism.
8. NH-4 (Mumbai to Chennai)
- Length: 1,235 km
- Significance:
- Part of the Golden Quadrilateral.
- Connects the western and eastern coasts.
Important Facts About National Highways
- Shortest National Highway:
- NH-548 (2 km): Connects Kalamboli and NH-66 in Maharashtra.
- Longest Highway Bridge:
- Dhola-Sadiya Bridge (Bhupen Hazarika Setu) on NH-15, Assam (9.15 km).
- International Highways:
- NH-1 connects India with Pakistan via the Wagah Border.
- Eco-Friendly Measures:
- Solar-powered toll plazas and afforestation along highways are being implemented.
Challenges Facing National Highways
- Maintenance Issues: Many highways face wear and tear due to heavy traffic.
- Land Acquisition: Delays in acquiring land for new projects.
- Traffic Congestion: Urban sections of highways are often overcrowded.
Government Initiatives to Improve Highways
- Bharatmala Pariyojana:
- Aims to enhance road connectivity in remote and border areas.
- Focus on economic corridors and expressways.
- FASTag System:
- Introduced to ensure seamless toll collection and reduce congestion.
- Green Highways Policy:
- Emphasis on sustainable practices like planting trees along highways.
Conclusion
National highways are the lifelines of India, connecting its diverse regions and enabling growth. With ongoing government initiatives like Bharatmala and the Golden Quadrilateral, the future of road transport in India looks promising. Whether it’s NH-44 stretching from Kashmir to Kanyakumari or the bustling NH-19, these highways continue to play a crucial role in uniting the nation.
Do you know an interesting fact about any highway? Share it in the comments below!
